The current situation and influencing factors of kinesiophobia in patients after heart valve replacement surgery / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To investigate the current situation of kinesiophobia in patients after heart valve replacement surgery and to analyze its influencing factors, and to provide reference for the intervention research of patients with cardiophobia after cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey method and convenient sampling method, 109 patients who underwent cardiac valve replacement surgery in department of cardiothoracic and vascular surgery of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People′s Hospital from March 2021 to January 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were surveyed with the general questionnaire, Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia and Visual Analogue Scale.Results:After heart valve replacement, the score of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was (46.90 ± 9.30) points. The score of Visual Analogue Scale was (5.83 ± 1.01) points. The score of Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia was positively correlated with the score of Visual Analogue Scale ( r=0.46, P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that patient′s age, cardiac function level, left ventricular ejection fraction, pain were the main influencing factors of Kinesiophobia ( t values were -2.37-4.34, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Medical staff should understand and accurately assess the status of patient′s kinesiophobia after heart valve replacement surgery, identify high-risk groups of kinesiophobia, and take targeted nursing measures to effectively alleviate postoperative pain, thereby reducing the incidence of kinesiophobia in patients, helping patients to carry out early functional exercise, and prorroting physical recovery.

Analysis of the direct economic burden of measles cases and its influencing factors in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the direct economic burden caused by measles cases in Shanghai from 2017 to 2019 and its influencing factors. Methods: A total of 161 laboratory-confirmed measles cases reported from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2019, in Shanghai were included in the study through the "Measles Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System" of the "China Disease Surveillance Information Reporting and Management System". Through telephone follow-up and consulting hospital data, the basic information of population, medical treatment situation, medical treatment costs and other information were collected, and the direct economic burden of cases was calculated, including registration fees, examination fees, hospitalization fees, medical fees and other disease treatment expenses, as well as transportation and other expenses of cases. The multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the main influencing factors of the direct economic burden. Results: The age of 161 measles cases M (Q1, Q3) was 28.21 (13.33, 37.00) years. Male cases (56.52%) were more than female cases (43.48%). The largest number of cases was≥18 years old (70.81%). The total direct economic burden of 161 measles cases was 540 851.14 yuan, and the per capita direct economic burden was 3 359.32 yuan. The direct economic burden M (Q1, Q3) was 873.00 (245.01, 4 014.79) yuan per person. The results of multiple linear regression model analysis showed that compared with other and unknown occupations, central areas and non-hospitalized cases, the direct economic burden of measles cases was higher in scattered children, childcare children, students, and cadre staff in the occupational distribution, suburban areas and hospitalized, with the coefficient of β (95%CI) values of 0.388 (0.150-0.627), 0.297 (0.025-0.569), 0.327 (0.148-0.506) and 1.031 (0.853-1.209), respectively (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: The direct economic burden of some measles cases in Shanghai is relatively high. Occupation, area of residence and hospitalization are the main factors influencing the direct economic burden of measles cases.

Professional Quality of Life of Chinese Nurses and Its Correlation with Benefit Findings / 中国医学伦理学

【Objective:】 To understand the current situation of nurses’ professional quality of life in China and its correlation with benefit findings, so as to provide reference for formulating targeted measures to improve nurses’ professional quality of life in China. 【Methods:】 Questionnaire star was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 11 924 registered nurses in China from January 2022 to April 2022 using the General Information Questionnaire, the Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL) and the General Benefit Discovery Scale (GBFS). SPSS 22.0 software was used for data analysis. 【Results:】 The scores of various dimensions of nurses’ ProQOL scale were: compassion satisfaction was (32.71±6.81) points, burnout was (27.38±5.20) points, secondary traumatic stress was (28.44±6.67) points, and the total score of GBFS was (100.90±18.04) points. The results of multiple linear stepwise regression showed that the main influencing factors of compassion satisfaction were marital status, position, work unit level and educational background (P<0.05). The main influencing factors of burnout were position, professional title, work unit level and whether there were children to be taken care of at home (P<0.05). The main influencing factors of secondary traumatic stress were education background, marital status, professional title, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, whether to be an epidemic support staff and position (P<0.05). Benefit finding independently predicted the three dimensions of nurses’ professional quality of life (P<0.001). 【Conclusions:】 Chinese nurses’ professional quality of life was at a moderate level and it was significantly affected by benefit finding. Attention should be paid to factors such as marital status, work unit level, position, professional title, education background, whether there was an old person to be taken care of at home, whether to take care of COVID-19 patients, so as to improve the level of nurses’ benefit finding, promote their personal growth, provide good job guarantee, and improve Chinese nurses’ professional quality of life.

Evaluation of Visual Acuity of Ametropia with Visual Event-Related Potential Nogo-P3 Component / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the Nogo-P3 component of event-related potential (ERP) in the process of visual acuity processing, to provide electrophysiological evidence for objective evaluation of visual acuity.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six subjects with no other ocular diseases except for ametropia were recruited, and all subjects had uncorrected visual acuity both eyes 1/10 (evaluated using Monoyer chart). Block letter E with different visual angles and directions were used as graphic stimuli. The Go/Nogo paradigm was used for ERP studies. The visual angle of Go stimulation angle was 1°15', Nogo stimuli were 1°15', 55', 24' and 15'. The visual acuity test was performed on each of the two naked eyes separately in all subjects, and the characteristics of the Nogo-P3 component were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The latency of Nogo-P3 showed no difference between the stimuli of 1°15' and 55', and between Nogo stimulation angle 24' and 15'. There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 1°15' and 15' (P<0.05). There was significant difference between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 24', and between Nogo stimulation angle 55' and 15' (P<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the Nogo-P3 amplitude among Nogo stimulation.@*CONCLUSIONS@#In the Go/Nogo paradigm, Nogo-P3 can reflect the cognitive response of subjects to Nogo stimulation, which can be used for objective evaluation of visual acuity.

Analysis on Medication Regularity of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Intermediate and Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Based on Data Mining / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） and thereby to lay a theoretical basis for clinical medication and drug development. MethodArticles on clinical treatment of intermediate and advanced NSCLC with TCM in the past 40 years were retrieved from CNKI， which were taken the data source. Then the articles were screened to establish a formula database， followed by frequency statistics， association rule analysis， cluster analysis， factor analysis， and complex network construction. ResultA total of 307 eligible articles were screened out， involving 483 formulas. The common syndrome of intermediate and advanced NSCLC was the deficiency of both Qi and Yin， with the common syndrome elements of Qi deficiency， Yin deficiency， phlegm， blood stasis， pathogenic heat （fire）， toxin， and pathogenic dampness. The frequently used medicinals mainly had the functions of tonifying deficiency， clearing heat， resolving phlegm and relieving cough and dyspnea， promoting urination and draining dampness， and activating blood and resolving stasis. The high-frequency medicinals were Astragali Radix， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizome， Ophiopogonis Radix， Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus， and Poria， which were mainly cold， bitter， sweet， and pungent， with tropism at lung， spleen， and stomach. The association rule analysis yielded 17 rules with strong association. Ten common factors were extracted from the factor analysis， and cluster analysis classified the medicinals into 5 groups. Complex network analysis suggested that the core formula was modified Liujunzi Tang and Yiqi Yangyin Jiedu prescription. ConclusionThe treatment principle for intermediate and advanced NSCLC is replenishing Qi and nourishing Yin， invigorating spleen and resolving phlegm， clearing heat and detoxifying， promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. The core combinations new prescription discovered by data mining are of important guiding significance， but they should be further verified in clinical practice and by experiments based on the theory of TCM.

Association of maternal adverse childhood experiences and parent child relationship in preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship of maternal adverse childhood experiences(ACEs) with mother child relationship, so as to provide reference for parent child relationship and child health promotion.@*Methods@#In June 2021, children aged 3-6 years old of 36 kindergartens in three areas in Anhui Province were selected by stratified cluster sampling method, follow up data were collected in December 2021, and a total of 6 111 children were included in the study. Maternal ACEs and mother child relationship were respectively assessed using the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire(ACEs-IQ)and the Child Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS). A multiple linear regression model was established to analyze the association of maternal ACEs and mother child relationship in preschool children.@*Results@#History of maternal childhood sexual abuse, physical neglect and peer bullying were negatively associated with mother child intimacy ( r =-0.03, -0.03, -0.03, P <0.05). Maternal emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect, peer bullying, community violence, and total family dysfunction were positively associated with mother child dependence and mother child conflict ( r =0.09, 0.08, 0.05, 0.14, 0.06, 0.11, 0.08, 0.04; 0.18, 0.17, 0.07, 0.20, 0.11, 0.16, 0.12, 0.10, P <0.01). There was no statistically significant between all types of maternal ACEs and mother child intimacy in boys( P >0.05). Mothers with a history of physical abuse, sexual abuse and peer bullying had a statistically significant relationship between mother child intimacy in girls( β =-0.17, -0.62, -0.19, P <0.05). All types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother child conflict between boys and girls( β =0.37-1.96, P <0.05). There was statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother child dependence of boys( β =0.53, P <0.05), but no statistical significance between maternal childhood sexual abuse and mother child dependence of girls( P >0.05). All other types of maternal ACEs were positive predictors of mother child dependence( β =0.09-0.41, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Maternal ACEs are associated with poor mother child relationship among preschool children, and maternal ACEs should be actively followed, which is of great significance for improving the parent child relationship and promoting child healthy development.

Relationship between family rearing style and 3-6 year old children s emotional and behavioral problems / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship and gender difference between family rearing styles with emotional and behavior problems in preschool children aged 3-6 years, so as to provide reference for early prevention and intervention of children s emotional and behavior problems.@*Methods@#Using the method of stratified cluster sampling, 9 647 children aged 3-6 years old from 36 kindergartens in Wuhu, Lu an and Fuyang of Anhui Province were selected in June 2021. Primary caregivers were investigated with self designed questionnaire, Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (parents version) and Parental Rearing Style Scale.@*Results@#The detection rate of elevated SDQ total difficulty score was 6.5%, with boys (7.1%) higher than that of girls (5.8%). The detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior were significantly higher in children with high scores on doting, laissez faire, autocracy and inconsistency of family rearing style, compared with those in the low score group ( χ 2=210.32, 203.87, 102.70, 212.69, P <0.01 ), and the detection rate increased with the increase of score. However, the detection rate of abnormal emotional behavior in the high score group of democracy was significantly lower than that in the low score group ( χ 2=156.24, P <0.01), and the detection rate decreased with the increase of score. Logistic regression analysis showed that high level doting ( OR =4.31), laissez faire ( OR = 4.16), autocracy ( OR =3.36) and inconsistency ( OR =4.76) of family rearing style were associated with high risk of children s emotional behavior problems, while high level of democracy ( OR =0.34) in family rearing style was associated with low risk of emotional behavior problems. The comparison between boys and girls showed that the risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the indulgent rearing style of boys was significantly higher than that of girls ( OR =1.90, 2.13) ( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Family rearing styles are associated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. Boys are sensitive to the negative impact of doting rearing style. Good rearing styles is beneficial to the prevention and control of children s emotional and behavioral problems.

Comparison of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP Response Thresholds at Different Frequencies and Their Forensic Applications / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the relationship between the frequency characteristics and response threshold of auditory steady-state response (ASSR), auditory brainstem response (ABR) and 40 Hz auditory event related potential (40 Hz AERP), and their application values in forensic medicine.@*METHODS@#Thirty volunteers with normal hearing (60 ears) were selected to perform pure tone audiometry (PTA) threshold and ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP response threshold tests in the standard sound insulation shielding room, and the results were statistically analyzed by SPSS 22.0 software.@*RESULTS@#At 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between 40 Hz AERP response threshold and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of ASSR and ABR response threshold. At 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, the correlation between ASSR and ABR response thresholds and PTA threshold was good, which was better than that of 40 Hz AERP response threshold.@*CONCLUSIONS@#To evaluate the hearing at 0.5 kHz and 1.0 kHz frequencies, it is recommended to use 40 Hz AERP and ASSR to comprehensively assess the PTA threshold of the subjects. To evaluate the hearing at 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz frequencies, ABR and ASSR are recommended to assess the PTA threshold of subjects comprehensively. The combination of ASSR, ABR and 40 Hz AERP can improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.

Clinical application of 3D visualization and mixed reality technique in surgical resection of renal tumor / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical feasibility and effectiveness of 3D visualization and mixed reality technique in the partial nephrectomy of renal tumor, and to evaluate its role in the communication between doctors and patients.Methods:82 patients with renal tumors confirmed by imaging examination including 33 patients in our hospital and 49 patients admitted to the Beijing Cancer Hospital from June 2018 to December 2020, all of whom were single tumors without local or distant metastasis, and in line with the indications of endoscopic partial nephrectomy, but without other systemic serious diseases. These patients were randomly divided into observation group (n=41) and control group (n=41). Both groups were scanned with 64-slice spiral CT before operation, while the CT images in the observation group were generated by DICOM data, modeled by three-dimensional reconstruction software and uploaded to mixed reality glasses for the preoperative planning, doctor-patient communication and intraoperative guidance. In this study, 82 patients underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Questionnaires and scales were used to compare the awareness of disease and/or satisfaction with 3D visual images between the two groups. The intraoperative time of tumor detection, operative time, renal heat ischemia time and intraoperative blood loss in 2 groups were recorded to evaluate preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance. In addition, the recovery time of gastrointestinal function, indwelling time of urinary catheter, indwelling time of drainage tube in operation area, length of hospital stays after surgery and pathological type, as well as serum creatinine level and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) value in patients at 6 months after operation were used to evaluate the postoperative recovery.Results:Before surgery, the concentrations of serum creatinine in patients with the observation group and control group were (66.8±17.5) μmol/L and (70.5±13.7) μmol/L, and the GFR were (40.8±7.6) ml/min and (38.9±6.8) ml/min, respectively. All the 82 cases were operated successfully. The number of correct responses of patients in the observation group and control group about basic kidney physiology, kidney anatomy and surgical plan was (5 vs.4), (2 vs.1), (7 vs.4), the difference among which was statistically significant ( P<0.05). In the observation group, the points of patients in understanding their own kidney, disease, specific surgical plan, and risk of surgical complications were 9.5±1.61, 9.3±0.84, 9.7±0.53, and 8.5±2.21 respectively. The tumor detection time was (35.2±5.6) min, the operation time was (100.2±20.1) min, and the renal warm ischemia time was (22.7±8.6) min in the observation group, which was significantly shorter than that in the control group (43.2±6.7) min, (123.2±23.50) min, (33.2±7.8) min. However, there was no significant difference in the amount of bleeding (103.2±22.8 ml vs.112.5±19.5 ml), postoperative recovery time of gastrointestinal function (1.7±0.8 d vs.1.8±1.2 d), indwelling time of urinary catheter (3.9±1.6 d vs.4.2±1.0 d), indwelling time of drainage tube in operation area (4.6±1.3 d vs.4.9±1.7 d), length of hospital stays (6.9±1.5 d vs.7.2±1.3 d), pathological type, and the changes of serum creatinine (10.1±19.0 vs.9.6±11.3) and the amplitude of GRF (19.4±9.5 vs.18.5±10.7) fluctuation in the affected side 6 months after operation (19.4±9.5 vs.18.5±10.7) ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The application of 3D visualization and mixed reality technology in preoperative planning and intraoperative guidance of partial nephrectomy could improve patients' cognitive understanding of renal anatomy, tumor characteristics and surgical operation, and make doctor-patient communication smoother. It can reduce the risk of surgery to a certain extent, reduce the renal heat ischemia and the operation time, and remove the tumor more accurately.

Practice and nursing care of early activity program for patients after cardiac valve replacement / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To summarize the practical and nursing experience of early activity program for patients after cardiac valve replacement.Methods:Totally 156 patients after cardiac valve replacement from December 2018 to June 2019 were selected. Refer to the seven-steps of cardiac rehabilitation recommended by American Heart Association with daily activity training and Guidelines for cardiovascular rehabilitation and secondary prevention in China, an early activity program based on corrected modified early warning score (MEWS) was offered to the patients, than its effect was evaluated.Results:All the 156 patients were successfully extubated, no adverse events such as pressure ulcers, pipe slip-off and wound dehiscence occurred.Conclusion:On the basis of the correct evaluation of the patient's condition after heart valve replacement, early activities can promote the recovery of cardiopulmonary function and accelerate the recovery of the patient.

Screening and associated factors of hyperactivity behavior in preschool children in Anhui Province / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of hyperactive behavior and risk factors among preschool children, and to provide a reference for early intervention of problem behavior.@*Methods@#A total of 7 982 children aged 3-6 were selected from 30 kindergartens by multi stage stratified cluster random sampling in 5 areas, Anhui Province, and their parents were surveyed with Conners Parent Rating Scales(PSQ) and Related factors questionnaire from June to July 2020.@*Results@#A tollay of 126 children were detected with hyperactivity behaviors, with a detection rate of 1.6%. The detection rate of boys (2.2%) was higher than that of girls (0.8%). The difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=26.51, P <0.01). Among 126 hyperactive children, 40(31.7%)had another type of behavior problem, and 82(65.1%)had two or more additional behavior problems. The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that boy( OR =2.85, 95% CI =1.88-4.30), sleep deprivation( OR =1.87, 95% CI =1.31-2.68), occupation of mother being farmer or otherwise( OR =1.81, 95% CI =1.11-2.94) were associated with more hyperactivity behavior. While, living with parents in the past six months ( OR =0.61, 95% CI =0.40-0.92) was associated with less hyperactivity behavior( P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Early intervention of preschool children s behavior problems should focus on boys, maintain reasonable sleep time and increase parental care.

Therapeutic effect of acupuncture combined with medication on chronic prostatitis of damp and heat stasis / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture (EA) combined with tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule on chronic prostatitis (CP) of damp and heat stasis.@*METHODS@#A total of 70 patients with CP of damp and heat stasis were randomized into an acupuncture plus medication group (35 cases, 4 cases dropped off) and a medication group (35 cases, 5 cases dropped off). In the medication group, tamsulosin hydrochloride sustained release capsule was given orally, 0.2 mg a time, once each night. On the basis of treatment in the medication group, EA was applied at Guanyuan (CV 4), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Yinglingquan (SP 9), with disperse-dense wave, 5 mA in intensity for 30 min. Treatment for 30 days was as one course, and totally 3 courses were required in both groups. Before treatment, 1, 2, 3 months into treatment and at the follow-up of 2 months after treatment, the TCM syndrome score and National Institutes of Health chronic prostatitis symptom index (NIH-CPSI) score were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated in both groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared before treatment, the TCM syndrome scores of 3 months into treatment and follow-up were decreased in the acupuncture plus medication group (@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with medication can improve the clinical symptoms in patients with CP of damp and heat stasis, and its therapeutic effect is superior to simple western medication.

Clinical features of children with Guillain-Barré syndrome and the significance of Brighton criteria / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical features of children with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and the significance of Brighton criteria in childhood GBS.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical data of 72 children with GBS. Brighton criteria were used for the grading of diagnostic certainty (level 1 as the highest level, and level 4 as the lowest level). A Spearman's rank correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of auxiliary examinations with the level of diagnostic certainty of Brighton criteria.@*RESULTS@#A total of 72 children with GBS were enrolled, with a mean age of onset of (98±32) months. All children (100%, 72/72) had weakness of bilateral limbs and disappearance or reduction of tendon reflex, and limb weakness reached the highest level of severity within 4 weeks. Of all the 72 children, 68 (94%) had positive results of neural electrophysiological examination and 51 (71%) had positive results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination, and the positive rate of neural electrophysiological examination was significantly higher than that of CSF examination (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Most of the children with GBS meet Brighton criteria level 1, and the positive results of CSF examination and neural electrophysiological examination play an important role in improving the level of diagnostic certainty of Brighton criteria. Neural electrophysiological examination has a higher positive rate than CSF examination in the early stage of the disease.

Frequency Characteristics of AEPs in Normal Young Adults and Comparison of Their Response Threshold and Pure Tone Audiometry Threshold / 法医学杂志

Objective The tests of three types of auditory evoked potentials （AEPs） were performed on normal young adults, to understand the frequency characteristics of different testing methods and the relationship between response threshold and pure tone audiometry threshold of different methods, and to discuss the forensic value of 3 types of AEPs to evaluate hearing function. Methods Twenty normal young adults were selected, their standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and the response threshold of 3 types of AEPs （tone burst-auditory brainstem response, 40 Hz auditory event-related potential and slow vertex response） at 0.5 kHz, 1.0 kHz, 2.0 kHz and 4.0 kHz were recorded. The relationship between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold, short-term pure tone audiometry threshold of 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies as well as the differences between different types of AEPs were analyzed. Results The short-term pure tone audiometry threshold was higher than the standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs all had a certain correlation, and the response threshold of the 3 types of AEPs was higher than short-term pure tone audiometry threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold at each frequency. The differences in the differences between the response threshold and standard pure tone audiometry threshold of the 3 types of AEPs at different frequencies had statistical significance. Linear regression mathematical models were established to infer the standard pure tone audiometry threshold （hearing level） from response threshold （sound pressure level） of 3 types of AEPs of normal young adults. Conclusion When using response threshold of different types of AEPs to estimate pure tone audiometry threshold, conversion and correction are needed. Combined use of different types of AEPs could improve the accuracy of hearing function evaluation.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Treatment Improves Hearing Level Attenuating TLR4/NF-κB Mediated Inflammation in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Patients / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) has demonstrated efficacy in improving hearing levels of patients with idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL); however, the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. HBOT alleviates the inflammatory response, which is mediated by Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nuclear factor (NF)-κB. In this study we investigated whether HBOT attenuates inflammation in ISHHL patients alteration of TLR4 and NF-κB expression.@*Methods@#ISHHL patients ( = 120) and healthy control subjects ( = 20) were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly divided into medicine group treated with medicine only ( = 60) and HBO group receiving both HBOT and medicine ( = 60). Audiometric testing was performed pre- and post-treatment. TLR4, NF-кB, and TNF-α expression in peripheral blood of ISSHL patients and healthy control subjects was assessed by ELISA before and after treatment.@*Results@#TLR4, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels were upregulated in ISSHL patients relative to healthy control subjects; the levels were decreased following treatment and were lower in the HBO group than that in the medicine group post-treatment ( < 0.05 and < 0.01).@*Conclusion@#HBOT alleviates hearing loss in ISSHL patients by suppressing the inflammatory response induced by TLR4 and NF-κB signaling.

Maslinic acid induces autophagy through PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the effects of maslinic acid (MA) on the proliferation and autophagy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE2 cells and to elucidate the regulatory role of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in this process. Methods: The effect of MA on the proliferation of CNE2 cells was assessed by CCK-8. MDC staining of autophagic vacuoles was performed for autophagy analysis. Additionally, the levels of autophagy-and PI3K/Akt/mTOR-associated proteins were examined using western blot analysis. Results: MA significantly inhibited the proliferation of CNE2 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner. MA displayed autophagy-inducing effect, as shown by the increased MDC-labeled vacuoles, up-regulated LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and Atg5, as well as the down-regulated p62 level after MA treatment. Moreover, we observed that MA inhibited the expression of PI3K-p110α and the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR. Conclusion: MA inhibits the proliferation and induces the autophagy of CNE2 cells, the mechanism may be related to the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. These results imply that MA may be a potential anti-cancer agent for use in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Naphthoquinones from Rhinacanthus nasutus and Their Pharmacological Activities / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Rhinacanthus nasutus is the shrubs of Acanthacesa of Rhinacanthus nasutus. It has been used as traditional Zhuang medicine for thousands of years, with antipyretic and alexipharmic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic and expectorant effects. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that R. nasutus has been used for treatment of various diseases, including pneumonia, gastritis and hepatitis. In addition, naphthoquinone esters isolated from this plant exhibits antitumor, antiviral, antifungal, and immunomodulatory activities, with a high application value. Scholars at home and abroad have isolated a variety of compounds from R. nasutus, including 20 naphthoquinones, organic acids, lignans, alkaloids and other structural types of components. Among them, naphthoquinones have a variety of biological activities. Up to now, there are no systematic and comprehensive report on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of naphthoquinones. In this review, we summarized the chemical constituents of naphthoquinones with pharmacological activity, finding that R. nasutus and naphthoquinones have a great potential to be developed as a traditional Chinese medicine for tumors, diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver, which can provide an important scientific basis for defining the pharmacodynamic basis of the pharmacological activities and a reference for further research and comprehensive utilization of Zhuang medicine of Rhinacanthus nasutus.

ISSR Analysis of Genetic Relationship and Population Structure of Turpinia arguta Fresh Leaves in Jiangxi Province / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore genetic relationship and population structure of Turpinia arguta in six locations of Jiangxi province by inter-simple sequence repeat （ISSR） molecular marker technique， and to provide theoretical basis for the protection and utilization of this medicinal material resource. Method:A total of 22 samples from six locations in four counties in Jiangxi province were collected， and genomic DNA was extracted by kit method. Polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification was performed using sixty-four universal ISSR molecular marker primers， and the products were detected with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （PAGE）. NTsys 2.10e software was selected to calculate the genetic similarity coefficient by unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean （UPGMA） and cluster analysis. Population genetic structure was analyzed by Structure 2.1 software. Result:A total of forty-eight ISSR primers were amplified to obtain the product， the percent of polymorphic bands ranged from 45.45% to 100%. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that these plant individuals could not be clustered according to their respective executive locations. Analysis of population genetic structure showed that 22 samples of T. arguta could be divided into three populations. Conclusion:There is gene exchange among the populations of T. arguta in Jiangxi province， and it can affect the genetic structure of germplasm resources from different geographical sources.

Next-generation Sequencing Study of Pathogens in Serum from Patients with Febrile Jaundice in Sierra Leone / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#People in Western Africa suffer greatly from febrile jaundice, which is caused by a variety of pathogens. However, yellow fever virus (YFV) is the only pathogen under surveillance in Sierra Leone owing to the undeveloped medical and public health system there. Most of the results of YFV identification are negative. Elucidation of the pathogen spectrum is required to reduce the prevalence of febrile jaundice.@*METHODS@#In the present study, we used Ion Torrent semiconductor sequencing to profile the pathogen spectrum in archived YFV-negative sera from 96 patients in Sierra Leone who presented with unexplained febrile jaundice.@*RESULTS@#The most frequently identified sequencing reads belonged to the following pathogens: cytomegalovirus (89.58%), Epstein-Barr virus (55.21%), hepatitis C virus (34.38%), rhinovirus (28.13%), hepatitis A virus (20.83%), coxsackievirus (10.42%), Ebola virus (8.33%), hepatitis E virus (8.33%), lyssavirus (4.17%), leptospirosis (4.17%), chikungunya virus (2.08%), Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (1.04%), and hepatitis B virus (1.04%).@*CONCLUSION@#The distribution of sequencing reads suggests a broader spectrum of pathogens for consideration in clinical diagnostics and epidemiological surveillance in Sierra Leone.

Prediction and analysis of death of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou based on time series model / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective To analyze the death trend of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou and establish the time series model to predict the mortality and incidence of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou in 2019. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the mortality of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from January 2010 to December 2018. SPSS 21.0 software was used to construct time series analysis model, selecting the best model and predict the mortality of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou in 2019. Results A total of 1 650 deaths of children under 5 years old were reported in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2018. The number of deaths reported by boys and girls was 871 and 774 respectively, with an average annual mortality rate of 6.23‰. In recent years, the overall mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou had declined. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years old were neonates, accounting for 65.27%. Simple seasonal model was the best model by comparing different models. The model could well fit the monthly death cases of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2018. It is predicted that the total number of deaths of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou will be 140 in 2019, which is similar to the number of deaths in 2018. Conclusions The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou is decreasing year by year. Simple seasonal model can better reflect the mortality trend of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou and make short-term prediction.